15 Annotations

1. Toonari. "Ruby Bridges." Africanaonline. 17 Oct 2008
.


This article is about ruby bridge being the first black child to enter an all-white school in the history of the American South. It was in 1960 that a federal court ordered the desegregation of schools in the south, and although Ruby Bridges' father thought she could get a perfectly good education at an all-black elementary school, Ruby Bridges' mother insisted that her daughter pave the way for other black children in the newly-integrated school system. Charles Burks, one of the U.S. Marshals who escorted Ruby Bridges and her mother into the school building, remembers the little girl who became a hero. "She showed a lot of courage. She never cried. She didn't whimper. She just marched along like a little soldier. And we're all very proud of her." The first year, all the parents of Frantz Elementary pulled their children out of school to protest the integration. Also Ruby Bridges spent her first year in a class of one. The teacher, a woman from Boston, was one of the few white instructors who was willing to teach a black child. She and Ruby Bridges showed up for school every single day that year, and they held class as if there were no angry mob outside, no conflict over a little girl attending first grade.

This article was helpful to my research because it help me get a better idea of who ruby bridges and summarizes up what she impact she had on history.
It was a secondary source because it was wrote from someone else that wasn't there at the time of the event.
The intended audience is everyone.
The background of the author is Toonari,who writes perspectives on African Americans in history.


2. Bridges, Ruby. Through My Eyes. Scholastic, 1999.


Ruby Bridges was born in Mississippi in 1954. At the age of six, she was among the first black child to go to a previously all-white school in New Orleans. She attended William Frantz Public School and was accompanied by her mother and armed U.S Federal Marshals. The Marshals were necessary because angry mobs formed outside Ruby's school, shouting protests like "Two, four, six, eight. We don't want to integrate!" Many white people were outraged at the school's integration, and most white families pulled their children out of the school. Even the State legislature called for white families to boycott mixed schools. For a year, Ruby was separated from the other children and was the only child in her class. With the help of a loving teacher, Ruby made it through a difficult year and paved the way for many African American children who followed in her footsteps in integrated schools. Today, Ruby Bridges still fights for equal education for all children through her lectures and the Ruby Bridges Foundation.


The book Through My Eyes was helpful to my research because it gave me the biography of Ruby Bridges. The book is a primary source. I know this because primary sources are original documents or evidence from a given historical period take many forms; photographs, drawings, letters, diaries, documents, books, and films. I think that the intended audience is everyone.This is a primary source because ruby bridges wrote this book herself.


3. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), "My History." African American World History. 1995 - 2008. 20 Oct 2008.

This website tells me a lot of things about Ruby Bridges like when she first attended an all-black school at Johnson Lockett Elementary School. Her segregated school was fairly far away from her house, but she had lots of company for the long walk. All the kids on her block went to Johnson Lockett. Also federal courts in New Orleans are about to force two white schools to admit black schools. The plan was to integrate only the first grade for that year. Then, every year after that, the incoming first grade would also be integrated. In the spring of her year at Johnson Lockett School the city school board began testing black kindergartens and they wanted to find out which children should be sent to the white schools. She took the test. She was only five, and I'm sure she didn't have any idea why she was taking it. I know she probably still remember getting dressed up and riding uptown on the bus with her mother, and sitting in an enormous room in the school board building along with about a hundred other black kids, all waiting to be tested. The test was very hard and the purpose for that was so it would be hard passing it because the school boars figured if all the black children failed that schools could be segregated a while longer. Later, Several people from the NAACP came to her house in the summer. They told her parents that she was one of just a few black children to pass the school board test, and that she had been chosen to attend one of the white schools, William Frantz Public School. They said it was a better school and closer to her home than the one she had been attending. They also pressured her parents by saying it would help her brothers, sisters, and other black children in the future by going to William Frantz Public School that was also closer to her home.

This website was helpful to my research because it gave quotes on how the children felt about her. It also helped me to understand how she felt because the other children were unable to play with her. This website was a secondary source. The audience is everyone.


4. McCluggage, Bruce . "Exploring Questions About God & Life." A Prayer for White Folks. Tuesday November 4 2008. 4 Nov 2008 .

One morning Mrs. Henry noticed Ruby walking toward the school as usual but then she stopped, turned toward the angry, howling crowd and seemed to even be trying to speak to them. The crowd seemed ready to pounce on her while the marshals tried in vain to keep Ruby moving. Finally, she stopped talking and walked into the school.

Mrs. Henry immediately asked Ruby what happened; why did she try and talk to such a belligerent crowd. Ruby irritatingly responded that she didn't stop to talk with them.

This website gave me a quote from Ruby Bridges. The quote was about how she would stop and pray for the angry crowd of people outside of her school every morning. This is a secondary source.


5. Civil Rights Leaders, "Resistance to the Movement." Ruby Bridges. 28 Oct 2008 .

Ruby Bridges played an important part in the Civil Rights Movement. Ruby was born September 8, 1954 in Tylertown, Mississippi. A year later, her family moved to New Orleans, Louisiana. At that time, people wanted to keep blacks and whites separate because whites didn’t think that blacks were as good as them. For example, blacks and whites had separate drinking fountains, blacks had to sit in the back of buses, and blacks and whites each had their own separate schools.

This website was helpful to my research because it explained how Ruby Bridges was important to history. It also gave a time line of her important events. This was a secondary source.


6. McCluggage, Bruce. "A PRAYER FOR WHITE FOLKS." everystudent. 20 Nov 2008 .

This article is basically about when ruby bridges was going home and the rowdy crowd was following her 2 blocks everyday from school when she was going home,and when she get two blocks away from school she would say this certain prayer.Ruby bridges quoted:

"Please God, try to forgive these people.
Because even if they say those bad things,
They don't know what they're doing.
So You could forgive them,
Just like You did those folks a long time ago
When they said terrible things about You."

This is primary source.I will use this to say exact quootes on what she would say to herself on the way home from school when people would throw things at her.


7. "Civil Rights Movement in the United States," Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2008
http://encarta.msn.com © 1997-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

This articles is about the civil rights movement.which a political and legal struggle that African Americans had to go through to gain full citzenship rights and to achieve racial equality.it was a challenge to segregation.Ruby Bridges contributed to the civil rights movement because she integrated schools by attended a all white school.

This article is secondary.I will use it in my project just to get a little more information on this particular situation.


8. Daisy Bates. The Long Shadow of Little Rock. New York: McKay, 1966. pp. 69-76.26 Nov 2008.

This excerpt is basically talking about the little rock nine,which is when the governor of little rock nine called the national Arkansas to prevent nine African American students from entering the building.Ten days later president Eisenhower agreed for the national guard s t protect the African American students and dismissed the troops leaving the students with the angry mob,who were being very disrespectful and ignorant.

This is a secondary source.I will use it in my project to describe similar occasions.


9. James H. Meredith, et al. v. Charles Dickson Fair, President of the Board of Trustees of State Institutions of Higher Learning 1961 Case No. 3130. 26 Nov 2008.

I got this information from the Nation Archives "A class action suit on behalf of James Meredith and all other Negro students similarly situated to enjoin the Board of Trustees of State Institutions of Higher Learning from limiting admission to the University of Mississippi to white persons. This case resulted in the admission of the first African-American student, James Meredith, to the University of Mississippi.

This is a secondary source.I will use this information on how james meridth was reject ed from college because of the color of his skin,just how ruby bridges was rejected.


10. Curtis, Christopher Paul. The Watson’s Go to Birmingham-1963. New York: Delacorte Press, 1995.28 Nov 2008

This book follows an African American family from Flint, Michigan to Birmingham, Alabama where their lives intertwine with the 1963 bombing of a church in which four young African American girls were killed. Humorous and sensitive with a somewhat mystical ending.

This is a secondary source.I will use this book in my project to summarize familiar situations as ruby bridges.


11. A Class of One.” Online Newshour, February 18,1997. pbs.org/newshour/bb/race_relations/jan-june97/bridges_2-18html 10 Dec 2008.

This transcript of an interview by Charlayne Hunter-Gault with Ruby Bridges Hall reveals things Ruby was feeling back in 1960 and during the years that followed. Copy of famous Norman Rockwell painting of Ruby is included.

This is a primary source.I will use this transcript in my project to write quotes on the whole situation on who she felt during all this chaos.


12. Forty years later, Ruby Bridges still fighting racism in schools” CNN.com. U.S. News, November 14, 2000. cnn.com/2000/US/11/14/ruby bridges.ap/ 10 Dec 2008.

Quotes and factual material bring us up-to-date on Ruby’s life, along with insights into her feelings regarding the past and present.

This is a secondary source. Im using this to show how ruby acomplish things in life from the past to the future through segregation.


13. Coles, Robert. The Story of Ruby Bridges. New York: Scholastic Press, 1995.10 Dec 2008

The author narrates the story of Ruby’s experiences beginning in Tylertown, Mississippi until her integration of Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans. Contains large colorful illustrations and vocabulary suitable for elementary grades.

This is a secondary source.I will probably use some of the images to post on my board,so that people will have a better visual of the situation.


14. Nelson, Cary. "About the 1963 Birmingham Bombing." Birmingham,Alabama, and Civil Rights Movemen in 1963. 2001. 10 Dec 2008 .

This is a article is about the 16 st baptist church getting burnt up by the ku klux klan,and the whole birmingham was segregated.so the leader in the civl rights movement stepped in to get their equal rights,which were MLK,Rosa parks,Ruby bridges,and etc.

This is a secondary source.i will use it to show how mississippi wasn't the only place segregated,and the outcome of segregation in birmingham,alabama.


15. Cozzens, Lisa. "Freedom Riders." Civil Rights Movement 1955-1965:Freedom Riders. 18 Aug 1999 . 10 Dec 2008
.

The first Freedom Ride took place on May 4, 1961 when seven blacks and six whites left Washington, D.C., on two public buses bound for the Deep South. They intended to test the Supreme Court's ruling in Boynton v. Virginia (1960), which declared segregation in interstate bus and rail stations unconstitutional.

This is a secondary source.I will use it to show how people of more than one racwe protested for whats right.

Fifthteenth Annotation

Cozzens, Lisa. "Freedom Riders." Civil Rights Movement 1955-1965:Freedom Riders. 18 Aug 1999 . 10 Dec 2008
.

The first Freedom Ride took place on May 4, 1961 when seven blacks and six whites left Washington, D.C., on two public buses bound for the Deep South. They intended to test the Supreme Court's ruling in Boynton v. Virginia (1960), which declared segregation in interstate bus and rail stations unconstitutional.

This is a secondary source.I will use it to show how people of more than one racwe protested for whats right.

Fourteenth Annotation

Nelson, Cary. "About the 1963 Birmingham Bombing." Birmingham,Alabama, and Civil Rights Movemen in 1963. 2001. 10 Dec 2008 .

This is a article is about the 16 st baptist church getting burnt up by the ku klux klan,and the whole birmingham was segregated.so the leader in the civl rights movement stepped in to get their equal rights,which were MLK,Rosa parks,Ruby bridges,and etc.

This is a secondary source.i will use it to show how mississippi wasn't the only place segregated,and the outcome of segregation in birmingham,alabama.

Thirtenth Annotation

Coles, Robert. The Story of Ruby Bridges. New York: Scholastic Press, 1995.10 Dec 2008

The author narrates the story of Ruby’s experiences beginning in Tylertown, Mississippi until her integration of Frantz Elementary School in New Orleans. Contains large colorful illustrations and vocabulary suitable for elementary grades.

This is a secondary source.I will probably use some of the images to post on my board,so that people will have a better visual of the situation.

Twelth Annotation

Forty years later, Ruby Bridges still fighting racism in schools” CNN.com. U.S. News, November 14, 2000. cnn.com/2000/US/11/14/ruby bridges.ap/ 10 Dec 2008.

Quotes and factual material bring us up-to-date on Ruby’s life, along with insights into her feelings regarding the past and present.

This is a secondary source. Im using this to show how ruby acomplish things in life from the past to the future through segregation.

Eleventh Annotation

A Class of One.” Online Newshour, February 18,1997. pbs.org/newshour/bb/race_relations/jan-june97/bridges_2-18html 10 Dec 2008.

This transcript of an interview by Charlayne Hunter-Gault with Ruby Bridges Hall reveals things Ruby was feeling back in 1960 and during the years that followed. Copy of famous Norman Rockwell painting of Ruby is included.

This is a primary source.I will use this transcript in my project to write quotes on the whole situation on who she felt during all this chaos.

10 Annotations

1. Toonari. "Ruby Bridges." Africanaonline. 17 Oct 2008
.


This article is about ruby bridge being the first black child to enter an all-white school in the history of the American South. It was in 1960 that a federal court ordered the desegregation of schools in the south, and although Ruby Bridges' father thought she could get a perfectly good education at an all-black elementary school, Ruby Bridges' mother insisted that her daughter pave the way for other black children in the newly-integrated school system. Charles Burks, one of the U.S. Marshals who escorted Ruby Bridges and her mother into the school building, remembers the little girl who became a hero. "She showed a lot of courage. She never cried. She didn't whimper. She just marched along like a little soldier. And we're all very proud of her." The first year, all the parents of Frantz Elementary pulled their children out of school to protest the integration. Also Ruby Bridges spent her first year in a class of one. The teacher, a woman from Boston, was one of the few white instructors who was willing to teach a black child. She and Ruby Bridges showed up for school every single day that year, and they held class as if there were no angry mob outside, no conflict over a little girl attending first grade.

This article was helpful to my research because it help me get a better idea of who ruby bridges and summarizes up what she impact she had on history.
It was a secondary source because it was wrote from someone else that wasn't there at the time of the event.
The intended audience is everyone.
The background of the author is Toonari,who writes perspectives on African Americans in history.

2. Bridges, Ruby. Through My Eyes. Scholastic, 1999.


Ruby Bridges was born in Mississippi in 1954. At the age of six, she was among the first black child to go to a previously all-white school in New Orleans. She attended William Frantz Public School and was accompanied by her mother and armed U.S Federal Marshals. The Marshals were necessary because angry mobs formed outside Ruby's school, shouting protests like "Two, four, six, eight. We don't want to integrate!" Many white people were outraged at the school's integration, and most white families pulled their children out of the school. Even the State legislature called for white families to boycott mixed schools. For a year, Ruby was separated from the other children and was the only child in her class. With the help of a loving teacher, Ruby made it through a difficult year and paved the way for many African American children who followed in her footsteps in integrated schools. Today, Ruby Bridges still fights for equal education for all children through her lectures and the Ruby Bridges Foundation.


The book Through My Eyes was helpful to my research because it gave me the biography of Ruby Bridges. The book is a primary source. I know this because primary sources are original documents or evidence from a given historical period take many forms; photographs, drawings, letters, diaries, documents, books, and films. I think that the intended audience is everyone.This is a primary source because ruby bridges wrote this book herself.
3. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), "My History." African American World History. 1995 - 2008. 20 Oct 2008.

This website tells me a lot of things about Ruby Bridges like when she first attended an all-black school at Johnson Lockett Elementary School. Her segregated school was fairly far away from her house, but she had lots of company for the long walk. All the kids on her block went to Johnson Lockett. Also federal courts in New Orleans are about to force two white schools to admit black schools. The plan was to integrate only the first grade for that year. Then, every year after that, the incoming first grade would also be integrated. In the spring of her year at Johnson Lockett School the city school board began testing black kindergartens and they wanted to find out which children should be sent to the white schools. She took the test. She was only five, and I'm sure she didn't have any idea why she was taking it. I know she probably still remember getting dressed up and riding uptown on the bus with her mother, and sitting in an enormous room in the school board building along with about a hundred other black kids, all waiting to be tested. The test was very hard and the purpose for that was so it would be hard passing it because the school boars figured if all the black children failed that schools could be segregated a while longer. Later, Several people from the NAACP came to her house in the summer. They told her parents that she was one of just a few black children to pass the school board test, and that she had been chosen to attend one of the white schools, William Frantz Public School. They said it was a better school and closer to her home than the one she had been attending. They also pressured her parents by saying it would help her brothers, sisters, and other black children in the future by going to William Frantz Public School that was also closer to her home.

This website was helpful to my research because it gave quotes on how the children felt about her. It also helped me to understand how she felt because the other children were unable to play with her. This website was a secondary source. The audience is everyone.
4. McCluggage, Bruce . "Exploring Questions About God & Life." A Prayer for White Folks. Tuesday November 4 2008. 4 Nov 2008 .

One morning Mrs. Henry noticed Ruby walking toward the school as usual but then she stopped, turned toward the angry, howling crowd and seemed to even be trying to speak to them. The crowd seemed ready to pounce on her while the marshals tried in vain to keep Ruby moving. Finally, she stopped talking and walked into the school.

Mrs. Henry immediately asked Ruby what happened; why did she try and talk to such a belligerent crowd. Ruby irritatingly responded that she didn't stop to talk with them.

This website gave me a quote from Ruby Bridges. The quote was about how she would stop and pray for the angry crowd of people outside of her school every morning. This is a secondary source.
5. Civil Rights Leaders, "Resistance to the Movement." Ruby Bridges. 28 Oct 2008 .

Ruby Bridges played an important part in the Civil Rights Movement. Ruby was born September 8, 1954 in Tylertown, Mississippi. A year later, her family moved to New Orleans, Louisiana. At that time, people wanted to keep blacks and whites separate because whites didn’t think that blacks were as good as them. For example, blacks and whites had separate drinking fountains, blacks had to sit in the back of buses, and blacks and whites each had their own separate schools.

This website was helpful to my research because it explained how Ruby Bridges was important to history. It also gave a time line of her important events. This was a secondary source.
6. McCluggage, Bruce. "A PRAYER FOR WHITE FOLKS." everystudent. 20 Nov 2008 .

This article is basically about when ruby bridges was going home and the rowdy crowd was following her 2 blocks everyday from school when she was going home,and when she get two blocks away from school she would say this certain prayer.Ruby bridges quoted:

"Please God, try to forgive these people.
Because even if they say those bad things,
They don't know what they're doing.
So You could forgive them,
Just like You did those folks a long time ago
When they said terrible things about You."

This is primary source.I will use this to say exact quootes on what she would say to herself on the way home from school when people would throw things at her.
7. "Civil Rights Movement in the United States," Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2008
http://encarta.msn.com © 1997-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

This articles is about the civil rights movement.which a political and legal struggle that African Americans had to go through to gain full citzenship rights and to achieve racial equality.it was a challenge to segregation.Ruby Bridges contributed to the civil rights movement because she integrated schools by attended a all white school.

This article is secondary.I will use it in my project just to get a little more information on this particular situation.
8. Daisy Bates. The Long Shadow of Little Rock. New York: McKay, 1966. pp. 69-76.26 Nov 2008.

This excerpt is basically talking about the little rock nine,which is when the governor of little rock nine called the national Arkansas to prevent nine African American students from entering the building.Ten days later president Eisenhower agreed for the national guard s t protect the African American students and dismissed the troops leaving the students with the angry mob,who were being very disrespectful and ignorant.

This is a secondary source.I will use it in my project to describe similar occasions.
9. James H. Meredith, et al. v. Charles Dickson Fair, President of the Board of Trustees of State Institutions of Higher Learning 1961 Case No. 3130. 26 Nov 2008.

I got this information from the Nation Archives "A class action suit on behalf of James Meredith and all other Negro students similarly situated to enjoin the Board of Trustees of State Institutions of Higher Learning from limiting admission to the University of Mississippi to white persons. This case resulted in the admission of the first African-American student, James Meredith, to the University of Mississippi.

This is a secondary source.I will use this information on how james meridth was reject ed from college because of the color of his skin,just how ruby bridges was rejected.
10. Curtis, Christopher Paul. The Watson’s Go to Birmingham-1963. New York: Delacorte Press, 1995.28 Nov 2008

This book follows an African American family from Flint, Michigan to Birmingham, Alabama where their lives intertwine with the 1963 bombing of a church in which four young African American girls were killed. Humorous and sensitive with a somewhat mystical ending.

This is a secondary source.I will use this book in my project to summarize familiar situations as ruby bridges.

Tenth Annotation

Curtis, Christopher Paul. The Watson’s Go to Birmingham-1963. New York: Delacorte Press, 1995.28 Nov 2008

This book follows an African American family from Flint, Michigan to Birmingham, Alabama where their lives intertwine with the 1963 bombing of a church in which four young African American girls were killed. Humorous and sensitive with a somewhat mystical ending.

This is a secondary source.I will use this book in my project to summarize familiar situations as ruby bridges.

Second Revision of thesis and Introduction

Second Thesis Statement:

Nothing can be more moving than watching a small black child climbing the steps to her elementary school that historically and legally did not welcome her presence. It is my contention that Ruby Bridges help to break the barer of segregation by becoming the first black child in an all white school and she served as a inspiration because now schools are integrated.

Introduction:

In 1960, Ruby Bridges parents responded to a call from the NAACP and volunteered her to participate in the integration of the New Orleans School System. Even though there was a large crowd of people surround the outside of the school, throwing and shouting things Ruby Bridges managed to go into the school. As soon as Ruby entered the school white parents were walking in and taking there children out.

Ninth Annotation

James H. Meredith, et al. v. Charles Dickson Fair, President of the Board of Trustees of State Institutions of Higher Learning 1961 Case No. 3130. 26 Nov 2008.

I got this information from the Nation Archives "A class action suit on behalf of James Meredith and all other Negro students similarly situated to enjoin the Board of Trustees of State Institutions of Higher Learning from limiting admission to the University of Mississippi to white persons. This case resulted in the admission of the first African-American student, James Meredith, to the University of Mississippi.

This is a secondary source.I will use this information on how james meridth was reject ed from college because of the color of his skin,just how ruby bridges was rejected.

Eighth Annotation

Daisy Bates. The Long Shadow of Little Rock. New York: McKay, 1966. pp. 69-76.26 Nov 2008.

This excerpt is basically talking about the little rock nine,which is when the governor of little rock nine called the national Arkansas to prevent nine African American students from entering the building.Ten days later president Eisenhower agreed for the national guard s t protect the African American students and dismissed the troops leaving the students with the angry mob,who were being very disrespectful and ignorant.

This is a secondary source.I will use it in my project to describe similar occasions.

Seventh Annotation

"Civil Rights Movement in the United States," Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2008
http://encarta.msn.com © 1997-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

This articles is about the civil rights movement.which a political and legal struggle that African Americans had to go through to gain full citzenship rights and to achieve racial equality.it was a challenge to segregation.Ruby Bridges contributed to the civil rights movement because she integrated schools by attended a all white school.

This article is secondary.I will use it in my project just to get a little more information on this particular situation.

Sixth Annotation

McCluggage, Bruce. "A PRAYER FOR WHITE FOLKS." everystudent. 20 Nov 2008 .

This article is basically about when ruby bridges was going home and the rowdy crowd was following her 2 blocks everyday from school when she was going home,and when she get two blocks away from school she would say this certain prayer.Ruby bridges quoted:

"Please God, try to forgive these people.
Because even if they say those bad things,
They don't know what they're doing.
So You could forgive them,
Just like You did those folks a long time ago
When they said terrible things about You."

This is primary source.I will use this to say exact quootes on what she would say to herself on the way home from school when people would throw things at her.

FIFTH ANNOTATION

Civil Rights Leaders, "Resistance to the Movement." Ruby Bridges. 28 Oct 2008 .

Ruby Bridges played an important part in the Civil Rights Movement. Ruby was born September 8, 1954 in Tylertown, Mississippi. A year later, her family moved to New Orleans, Louisiana. At that time, people wanted to keep blacks and whites separate because whites didn’t think that blacks were as good as them. For example, blacks and whites had separate drinking fountains, blacks had to sit in the back of buses, and blacks and whites each had their own separate schools.

This website was helpful to my research because it explained how Ruby Bridges was important to history. It also gave a time line of her important events. This was a secondary source.

FOURTH ANNOTATION

McCluggage, Bruce . "Exploring Questions About God & Life." A Prayer for White Folks. Tuesday November 4 2008. 4 Nov 2008 .

One morning Mrs. Henry noticed Ruby walking toward the school as usual but then she stopped, turned toward the angry, howling crowd and seemed to even be trying to speak to them. The crowd seemed ready to pounce on her while the marshals tried in vain to keep Ruby moving. Finally, she stopped talking and walked into the school.

Mrs. Henry immediately asked Ruby what happened; why did she try and talk to such a belligerent crowd. Ruby irritatingly responded that she didn't stop to talk with them.

This website gave me a quote from Ruby Bridges. The quote was about how she would stop and pray for the angry crowd of people outside of her school every morning. This is a secondary source.

THESIS STATEMENT

Even though there was a large crowd of people outside of the school. They were throwing things and shouting. As soon as Bridges got into the school, white parents went in and brought their own children out; all but one of the white teachers also refused to teach while a black child was enrolled. In 1960, when she was 6 years old, her parents responded to a call from the NAACP and volunteered her to participate in the integration of the New Orleans School system. Because Ruby Bridges played an important part in the Civil Rights Movement.

REVISED THESIS STATEMENT:Ruby Bridges was a very brave child!she made history when she stepped foot in front of william frantz elementary school of all whites. In front of the school there was a large crowd of people outside the school. They were throwing and shouting things at her.As soon as bridges got into the school,white parents went in and brought their children out;all but one white teacher didn't refuse to teach ruby because she was black.In 1960, when she was 6 years old,her parents responded to a call from the NAACP and voluntered her to participate in the integration of the New Orleans School System.Also she played a important role in the Civil Rights Movement.

THIRD ANNOTATION

Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), "My History." African American World History. 1995 - 2008. 20 Oct 2008.

This website tells me a lot of things about Ruby Bridges like when she first attended an all-black school at Johnson Lockett Elementary School. Her segregated school was fairly far away from her house, but she had lots of company for the long walk. All the kids on her block went to Johnson Lockett. Also federal courts in New Orleans are about to force two white schools to admit black schools. The plan was to integrate only the first grade for that year. Then, every year after that, the incoming first grade would also be integrated. In the spring of her year at Johnson Lockett School the city school board began testing black kindergartens and they wanted to find out which children should be sent to the white schools. She took the test. She was only five, and I'm sure she didn't have any idea why she was taking it. I know she probably still remember getting dressed up and riding uptown on the bus with her mother, and sitting in an enormous room in the school board building along with about a hundred other black kids, all waiting to be tested. The test was very hard and the purpose for that was so it would be hard passing it because the school boars figured if all the black children failed that schools could be segregated a while longer. Later, Several people from the NAACP came to her house in the summer. They told her parents that she was one of just a few black children to pass the school board test, and that she had been chosen to attend one of the white schools, William Frantz Public School. They said it was a better school and closer to her home than the one she had been attending. They also pressured her parents by saying it would help her brothers, sisters, and other black children in the future by going to William Frantz Public School that was also closer to her home.

This website was helpful to my research because it gave quotes on how the children felt about her. It also helped me to understand how she felt because the other children were unable to play with her. This website was a secondary source. The audience is everyone.

SECOND ANNOTATION

Bridges, Ruby. Through My Eyes. Scholastic, 1999.


Ruby Bridges was born in Mississippi in 1954. At the age of six, she was among the first black child to go to a previously all-white school in New Orleans. She attended William Frantz Public School and was accompanied by her mother and armed U.S Federal Marshals. The Marshals were necessary because angry mobs formed outside Ruby's school, shouting protests like "Two, four, six, eight. We don't want to integrate!" Many white people were outraged at the school's integration, and most white families pulled their children out of the school. Even the State legislature called for white families to boycott mixed schools. For a year, Ruby was separated from the other children and was the only child in her class. With the help of a loving teacher, Ruby made it through a difficult year and paved the way for many African American children who followed in her footsteps in integrated schools. Today, Ruby Bridges still fights for equal education for all children through her lectures and the Ruby Bridges Foundation.


The book Through My Eyes was helpful to my research because it gave me the biography of Ruby Bridges. The book is a primary source. I know this because primary sources are original documents or evidence from a given historical period take many forms; photographs, drawings, letters, diaries, documents, books, and films. I think that the intended audience is everyone.This is a primary source because ruby bridges wrote this book herself.

FIRST ANNOTATION

1.Toonari. "Ruby Bridges." Africanaonline. 17 Oct 2008
.


This article is about ruby bridge being the first black child to enter an all-white school in the history of the American South. It was in 1960 that a federal court ordered the desegregation of schools in the south, and although Ruby Bridges' father thought she could get a perfectly good education at an all-black elementary school, Ruby Bridges' mother insisted that her daughter pave the way for other black children in the newly-integrated school system. Charles Burks, one of the U.S. Marshals who escorted Ruby Bridges and her mother into the school building, remembers the little girl who became a hero. "She showed a lot of courage. She never cried. She didn't whimper. She just marched along like a little soldier. And we're all very proud of her." The first year, all the parents of Frantz Elementary pulled their children out of school to protest the integration. Also Ruby Bridges spent her first year in a class of one. The teacher, a woman from Boston, was one of the few white instructors who was willing to teach a black child. She and Ruby Bridges showed up for school every single day that year, and they held class as if there were no angry mob outside, no conflict over a little girl attending first grade.

This article was helpful to my research because it help me get a better idea of who ruby bridges and summarizes up what she impact she had on history.
It was a secondary source because it was wrote from someone else that wasn't there at the time of the event.
The intended audience is everyone.
The background of the author is Toonari,who writes perspectives on African Americans in history.

TOPIC SELECTION

I chose Ruby Bridges for my NHD Project because she was the first black child to enter an all-white school in history of the american south.


Ruby bridges is important to history because without her effort in black children would have to go schools with people just of the nationality or not even learn at all and she was very brave because people throw stuff at her and she was the only one in school being taught because white people pulled their children out of school and their was only one teacher who was willing to teach her and she was from boston.

Service Learning Pollution group grade

I feel as though for school wide community service i deserve the grade of 19,which is an A because i been prepared for every class,and brought my work to school when they were due,and all the information that was due the time of class,and had meaningful critiques at the time of service learning.

Service Learning Reflection of Pollution

Today at Service the child safety group is finishing up our magnets about important numbers,and our brochure on child safety and the lead group,and the lead group is doing the same thing like the lead group.So all we have to do now is go out to our locations that we picked on the last service learning meeting,which was may 15Th.

Service Learning Reflection of Pollution

This service learning meeting coming up all i have to do is gather everybody information about the important emergency numbers that we want to put on the magnets to pass out,and then give it to one of my group members to type up and copy,and then we are going to print it out on the magnet paper,and pass them out on our last meeting,which is June 5Th.

Service Learning Reflection of Pollution

Today's meeting Ms.morson took our group outside and everybody had to think of placed that we would like to go to pass out our flyer's,and some of them locations was city hall,gallery,and etc. Then after we figured out some of them locations we went to McDonald's and got something to eat,and then we went home.

Service Learning Reflection of Pollution

Now in service learning the child safety and lead group has their survey to go out and pass them out,and to actually see what people know and what they don"t know on this particular topic,So that's what we are going to do on June 5Th meeting.Also now we are making magnets with important numbers on them in case there is an emergency,like for intense the FDA,poison control,and etc.

Service Learning Reflection(Pollution)

Today at service learning everybody was assigned a category about pointers to put our brochure,and we researched our topics and everybody thats working together had to e-mail each other about what they researched for the day.

Service Learning Reflection(Pollution)

may 1st meeting all we did is get back into the lead and child safety group and read facts about each one of the topics and the child safety group revised their questions and the lead group had to type up and print their survey questions because they didn't do so last week. Then Ms.Morson gave people jobs to do like actually call the American red cross, and talk to a representative that work there,and etc.

Service Learning Reflection(Pollution)

Tomorrow for May 1st meeting I'm planning to engage the pollution group with information on C.P.R training and tell them the procedures that we have to take to get certified,and go out and tell people how they can get certified too,and especially if they engage with people 24/7.

Service Learning(Pollution)

Today at service learning Ms.Morson our group mentor separated the two main topics were starting on,which is lead and child safety.Next we deliberated to put some facts up about either topics and gather all the survey questions to make it into one whole survey.last but not least she gave each person an job to do before we come back for another meeting.

Service Learning Reflection of Pollution

This service learning meeting coming up i have to gather some information on Child safety because last service learning meeting we found out what topics that we were going to talk about and let everyone know the important facts about the topic,and how they can get help. That basically what i plan to do for this upcoming meeting.

Service Learning Reflection(Pollution)

Today in my service learning group which is pollution everybody sat around and discussed important events that were important to everyone not just us,but the group in general,and we planned out what groups we were going to broadcast first and the followings. Than we talked about ways we should promote our groups, when, where,and how.To wrap everything up everybody in the pollution group have to make up 1 (ONE) question to put on a pollution survey and pass them out and see the outlooks that people have on pollution before the next Service learning meeting,which is April25,2008.

Service Learning Reflection of Pollution

For April 18Th service learning meeting I'm going to come to the meeting prepared to ask questions and give my opinion on what topics I dislike, and like.Then I'm going to bring up in the meeting how are we going to advertise our pollution group,and etc.

Service Learning Reflection of Pollution

The first Service Learning meeting about pollution.All we did was reflect on how we feel about pollution,introduce ourselves,and where we stand in learning about pollution and sharing our knowledge to people that already know how are world is so polluted and what they can do to help and bring the pollution percentage rate down.

Preparation For Pollution Group

I’m working with Ms.Morson for service learning and our group is about Pollution and I’m thinking about for the Upcoming meeting on Friday...

1.Percentage of families that dead in a fire because they didn't have any smoke detectors.
2.list of the best fire detectors that give you a warning of smoke or fire before it really occurs.
3.List of Safety rules
4.Hazardous things in the household that can be removed.

My final grade should be...

My final grade in English should be an A++. I feel as though I should receive that grade because 1.i’ve completed all my assignments, 2.i’am always prepared for class, and last but not least I give good advice. Plus I meet all the criteria’s that is expected in this class.

I’ve learned a lot since I been in constitution high school, and especially in English class. If this were last year I probably would’ve completed none of these assignments. All the assignments that you gave the class I completed them, and even turned them in early. Another thing I‘ve strengthen more in writing. The best writing piece that I enjoyed writing was the expository narrative.

When its time for English class I’m always ready. Every time we have an assignment or you tell me to pull out a paper that we receive like a week ago I always have it. Plus I’m a very neat person, and I don’t like to lose a thing that’s why I like to keep all my papers. Also I like to stay up on all my work in every class that I attend. So that’s the second reason why I think I deserve an A++.

I’m a person that people will like to get advice from. So when I am in English class and people ask me how do I feel about their work, and I give them my honest opinion on things. To be a person that gives people advice you have to be honest and tell them what you don’t and do like. So I feel as though that if it wasn’t for my honesty in English class, and people telling me their opinion on my work then I would’ve stayed up on my game in English class.

In conclusion, I stated my three reason which are I finish all my assignment, secondly I’m always prepared, and lastly I give people good recommendation. So in English I know I deserve an A++ because I do everything that you expect for your English class.

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