This article is about ruby bridge being the first black child to enter an all-white school in the history of the American South. It was in 1960 that a federal court ordered the desegregation of schools in the south, and although Ruby Bridges' father thought she could get a perfectly good education at an all-black elementary school, Ruby Bridges' mother insisted that her daughter pave the way for other black children in the newly-integrated school system. Charles Burks, one of the U.S. Marshals who escorted Ruby Bridges and her mother into the school building, remembers the little girl who became a hero. "She showed a lot of courage. She never cried. She didn't whimper. She just marched along like a little soldier. And we're all very proud of her." The first year, all the parents of Frantz Elementary pulled their children out of school to protest the integration. Also Ruby Bridges spent her first year in a class of one. The teacher, a woman from Boston, was one of the few white instructors who was willing to teach a black child. She and Ruby Bridges showed up for school every single day that year, and they held class as if there were no angry mob outside, no conflict over a little girl attending first grade.
This article was helpful to my research because it help me get a better idea of who ruby bridges and summarizes up what she impact she had on history.
It was a secondary source because it was wrote from someone else that wasn't there at the time of the event.
The intended audience is everyone.
The background of the author is Toonari,who writes perspectives on African Americans in history.
2. Bridges, Ruby. Through My Eyes. Scholastic, 1999.
Ruby Bridges was born in Mississippi in 1954. At the age of six, she was among the first black child to go to a previously all-white school in New Orleans. She attended William Frantz Public School and was accompanied by her mother and armed U.S Federal Marshals. The Marshals were necessary because angry mobs formed outside Ruby's school, shouting protests like "Two, four, six, eight. We don't want to integrate!" Many white people were outraged at the school's integration, and most white families pulled their children out of the school. Even the State legislature called for white families to boycott mixed schools. For a year, Ruby was separated from the other children and was the only child in her class. With the help of a loving teacher, Ruby made it through a difficult year and paved the way for many African American children who followed in her footsteps in integrated schools. Today, Ruby Bridges still fights for equal education for all children through her lectures and the Ruby Bridges Foundation.
The book Through My Eyes was helpful to my research because it gave me the biography of Ruby Bridges. The book is a primary source. I know this because primary sources are original documents or evidence from a given historical period take many forms; photographs, drawings, letters, diaries, documents, books, and films. I think that the intended audience is everyone.This is a primary source because ruby bridges wrote this book herself.
3. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), "My History." African American World History. 1995 - 2008. 20 Oct 2008.
This website tells me a lot of things about Ruby Bridges like when she first attended an all-black school at Johnson Lockett Elementary School. Her segregated school was fairly far away from her house, but she had lots of company for the long walk. All the kids on her block went to Johnson Lockett. Also federal courts in New Orleans are about to force two white schools to admit black schools. The plan was to integrate only the first grade for that year. Then, every year after that, the incoming first grade would also be integrated. In the spring of her year at Johnson Lockett School the city school board began testing black kindergartens and they wanted to find out which children should be sent to the white schools. She took the test. She was only five, and I'm sure she didn't have any idea why she was taking it. I know she probably still remember getting dressed up and riding uptown on the bus with her mother, and sitting in an enormous room in the school board building along with about a hundred other black kids, all waiting to be tested. The test was very hard and the purpose for that was so it would be hard passing it because the school boars figured if all the black children failed that schools could be segregated a while longer. Later, Several people from the NAACP came to her house in the summer. They told her parents that she was one of just a few black children to pass the school board test, and that she had been chosen to attend one of the white schools, William Frantz Public School. They said it was a better school and closer to her home than the one she had been attending. They also pressured her parents by saying it would help her brothers, sisters, and other black children in the future by going to William Frantz Public School that was also closer to her home.
This website was helpful to my research because it gave quotes on how the children felt about her. It also helped me to understand how she felt because the other children were unable to play with her. This website was a secondary source. The audience is everyone.
4. McCluggage, Bruce . "Exploring Questions About God & Life." A Prayer for White Folks. Tuesday November 4 2008. 4 Nov 2008 .
One morning Mrs. Henry noticed Ruby walking toward the school as usual but then she stopped, turned toward the angry, howling crowd and seemed to even be trying to speak to them. The crowd seemed ready to pounce on her while the marshals tried in vain to keep Ruby moving. Finally, she stopped talking and walked into the school.
Mrs. Henry immediately asked Ruby what happened; why did she try and talk to such a belligerent crowd. Ruby irritatingly responded that she didn't stop to talk with them.
This website gave me a quote from Ruby Bridges. The quote was about how she would stop and pray for the angry crowd of people outside of her school every morning. This is a secondary source.
5. Civil Rights Leaders, "Resistance to the Movement." Ruby Bridges. 28 Oct 2008 .
Ruby Bridges played an important part in the Civil Rights Movement. Ruby was born September 8, 1954 in Tylertown, Mississippi. A year later, her family moved to New Orleans, Louisiana. At that time, people wanted to keep blacks and whites separate because whites didn’t think that blacks were as good as them. For example, blacks and whites had separate drinking fountains, blacks had to sit in the back of buses, and blacks and whites each had their own separate schools.
This website was helpful to my research because it explained how Ruby Bridges was important to history. It also gave a time line of her important events. This was a secondary source.
6. McCluggage, Bruce. "A PRAYER FOR WHITE FOLKS." everystudent. 20 Nov 2008 .
This article is basically about when ruby bridges was going home and the rowdy crowd was following her 2 blocks everyday from school when she was going home,and when she get two blocks away from school she would say this certain prayer.Ruby bridges quoted:
"Please God, try to forgive these people.
Because even if they say those bad things,
They don't know what they're doing.
So You could forgive them,
Just like You did those folks a long time ago
When they said terrible things about You."
This is primary source.I will use this to say exact quootes on what she would say to herself on the way home from school when people would throw things at her.
7. "Civil Rights Movement in the United States," Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2008
http://encarta.msn.com © 1997-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
This articles is about the civil rights movement.which a political and legal struggle that African Americans had to go through to gain full citzenship rights and to achieve racial equality.it was a challenge to segregation.Ruby Bridges contributed to the civil rights movement because she integrated schools by attended a all white school.
This article is secondary.I will use it in my project just to get a little more information on this particular situation.
8. Daisy Bates. The Long Shadow of Little Rock. New York: McKay, 1966. pp. 69-76.26 Nov 2008.
This excerpt is basically talking about the little rock nine,which is when the governor of little rock nine called the national Arkansas to prevent nine African American students from entering the building.Ten days later president Eisenhower agreed for the national guard s t protect the African American students and dismissed the troops leaving the students with the angry mob,who were being very disrespectful and ignorant.
This is a secondary source.I will use it in my project to describe similar occasions.
9. James H. Meredith, et al. v. Charles Dickson Fair, President of the Board of Trustees of State Institutions of Higher Learning 1961 Case No. 3130. 26 Nov 2008.
I got this information from the Nation Archives "A class action suit on behalf of James Meredith and all other Negro students similarly situated to enjoin the Board of Trustees of State Institutions of Higher Learning from limiting admission to the University of Mississippi to white persons. This case resulted in the admission of the first African-American student, James Meredith, to the University of Mississippi.
This is a secondary source.I will use this information on how james meridth was reject ed from college because of the color of his skin,just how ruby bridges was rejected.
10. Curtis, Christopher Paul. The Watson’s Go to Birmingham-1963. New York: Delacorte Press, 1995.28 Nov 2008
This book follows an African American family from Flint, Michigan to Birmingham, Alabama where their lives intertwine with the 1963 bombing of a church in which four young African American girls were killed. Humorous and sensitive with a somewhat mystical ending.
This is a secondary source.I will use this book in my project to summarize familiar situations as ruby bridges.
No comments:
Post a Comment